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Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution — Python 3.6.7 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pydoctheme.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 3.6.7 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations" href="floatingpoint.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="13. What Now?" href="whatnow.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/3/tutorial/interactive.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="floatingpoint.html" title="15. Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="whatnow.html" title="13. What Now?" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">3.6.7 Documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">The Python Tutorial</a> »</li> <li class="right"> <div class="inline-search" style="display: none" role="search"> <form class="inline-search" action="../search.html" method="get"> <input placeholder="Quick search" type="text" name="q" /> <input type="submit" value="Go" /> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes" /> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default" /> </form> </div> <script type="text/javascript">$('.inline-search').show(0);</script> | </li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="interactive-input-editing-and-history-substitution"> <span id="tut-interacting"></span><h1>14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution<a class="headerlink" href="#interactive-input-editing-and-history-substitution" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>Some versions of the Python interpreter support editing of the current input line and history substitution, similar to facilities found in the Korn shell and the GNU Bash shell. This is implemented using the <a class="reference external" href="https://tiswww.case.edu/php/chet/readline/rltop.html">GNU Readline</a> library, which supports various styles of editing. This library has its own documentation which we won’t duplicate here.</p> <div class="section" id="tab-completion-and-history-editing"> <span id="tut-keybindings"></span><h2>14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing<a class="headerlink" href="#tab-completion-and-history-editing" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>Completion of variable and module names is <a class="reference internal" href="../library/site.html#rlcompleter-config"><span class="std std-ref">automatically enabled</span></a> at interpreter startup so that the <kbd class="kbd docutils literal notranslate">Tab</kbd> key invokes the completion function; it looks at Python statement names, the current local variables, and the available module names. For dotted expressions such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">string.a</span></code>, it will evaluate the expression up to the final <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'.'</span></code> and then suggest completions from the attributes of the resulting object. Note that this may execute application-defined code if an object with a <a class="reference internal" href="../reference/datamodel.html#object.__getattr__" title="object.__getattr__"><code class="xref py py-meth docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">__getattr__()</span></code></a> method is part of the expression. The default configuration also saves your history into a file named <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">.python_history</span></code> in your user directory. The history will be available again during the next interactive interpreter session.</p> </div> <div class="section" id="alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter"> <span id="tut-commentary"></span><h2>14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter<a class="headerlink" href="#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>This facility is an enormous step forward compared to earlier versions of the interpreter; however, some wishes are left: It would be nice if the proper indentation were suggested on continuation lines (the parser knows if an indent token is required next). The completion mechanism might use the interpreter’s symbol table. A command to check (or even suggest) matching parentheses, quotes, etc., would also be useful.</p> <p>One alternative enhanced interactive interpreter that has been around for quite some time is <a class="reference external" href="https://ipython.org/">IPython</a>, which features tab completion, object exploration and advanced history management. It can also be thoroughly customized and embedded into other applications. Another similar enhanced interactive environment is <a class="reference external" href="http://www.bpython-interpreter.org/">bpython</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">14. Interactive Input Editing and History Substitution</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#tab-completion-and-history-editing">14.1. Tab Completion and History Editing</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#alternatives-to-the-interactive-interpreter">14.2. Alternatives to the Interactive Interpreter</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="whatnow.html" title="previous chapter">13. What Now?</a></p> <h4>Next topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="floatingpoint.html" title="next chapter">15. 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