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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>Codec registry and support functions — Python 2.7.16 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.16 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="Abstract Objects Layer" href="abstract.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="Reflection" href="reflection.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://docs.python.org/2/c-api/codec.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="abstract.html" title="Abstract Objects Layer" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="reflection.html" title="Reflection" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.16 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" >Python/C API Reference Manual</a> »</li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-2"><a href="utilities.html" accesskey="U">Utilities</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="codec-registry-and-support-functions"> <span id="codec-registry"></span><h1>Codec registry and support functions<a class="headerlink" href="#codec-registry-and-support-functions" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_Register"> int <code class="descname">PyCodec_Register</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *search_function</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_Register" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Register a new codec search function.</p> <p>As side effect, this tries to load the <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">encodings</span></code> package, if not yet done, to make sure that it is always first in the list of search functions.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_KnownEncoding"> int <code class="descname">PyCodec_KnownEncoding</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_KnownEncoding" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">1</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> depending on whether there is a registered codec for the given <em>encoding</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_Encode"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_Encode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *object</em>, const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_Encode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Generic codec based encoding API.</p> <p><em>object</em> is passed through the encoder function found for the given <em>encoding</em> using the error handling method defined by <em>errors</em>. <em>errors</em> may be <em>NULL</em> to use the default method defined for the codec. Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.LookupError" title="exceptions.LookupError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LookupError</span></code></a> if no encoder can be found.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_Decode"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_Decode</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *object</em>, const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_Decode" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Generic codec based decoding API.</p> <p><em>object</em> is passed through the decoder function found for the given <em>encoding</em> using the error handling method defined by <em>errors</em>. <em>errors</em> may be <em>NULL</em> to use the default method defined for the codec. Raises a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.LookupError" title="exceptions.LookupError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">LookupError</span></code></a> if no encoder can be found.</p> </dd></dl> <div class="section" id="codec-lookup-api"> <h2>Codec lookup API<a class="headerlink" href="#codec-lookup-api" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <p>In the following functions, the <em>encoding</em> string is looked up converted to all lower-case characters, which makes encodings looked up through this mechanism effectively case-insensitive. If no codec is found, a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.KeyError" title="exceptions.KeyError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">KeyError</span></code></a> is set and <em>NULL</em> returned.</p> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_Encoder"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_Encoder</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_Encoder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get an encoder function for the given <em>encoding</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_Decoder"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_Decoder</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_Decoder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get a decoder function for the given <em>encoding</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_IncrementalEncoder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get an <a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#codecs.IncrementalEncoder" title="codecs.IncrementalEncoder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IncrementalEncoder</span></code></a> object for the given <em>encoding</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_IncrementalDecoder" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get an <a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#codecs.IncrementalDecoder" title="codecs.IncrementalDecoder"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">IncrementalDecoder</span></code></a> object for the given <em>encoding</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_StreamReader"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_StreamReader</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *stream</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_StreamReader" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#codecs.StreamReader" title="codecs.StreamReader"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamReader</span></code></a> factory function for the given <em>encoding</em>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_StreamWriter"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_StreamWriter</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *encoding</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *stream</em>, const char<em> *errors</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_StreamWriter" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Get a <a class="reference internal" href="../library/codecs.html#codecs.StreamWriter" title="codecs.StreamWriter"><code class="xref py py-class docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">StreamWriter</span></code></a> factory function for the given <em>encoding</em>.</p> </dd></dl> </div> <div class="section" id="registry-api-for-unicode-encoding-error-handlers"> <h2>Registry API for Unicode encoding error handlers<a class="headerlink" href="#registry-api-for-unicode-encoding-error-handlers" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h2> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_RegisterError"> int <code class="descname">PyCodec_RegisterError</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *name</em>, <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *error</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_RegisterError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Register the error handling callback function <em>error</em> under the given <em>name</em>. This callback function will be called by a codec when it encounters unencodable characters/undecodable bytes and <em>name</em> is specified as the error parameter in the call to the encode/decode function.</p> <p>The callback gets a single argument, an instance of <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.UnicodeEncodeError" title="exceptions.UnicodeEncodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeEncodeError</span></code></a>, <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError" title="exceptions.UnicodeDecodeError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeDecodeError</span></code></a> or <a class="reference internal" href="../library/exceptions.html#exceptions.UnicodeTranslateError" title="exceptions.UnicodeTranslateError"><code class="xref py py-exc docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">UnicodeTranslateError</span></code></a> that holds information about the problematic sequence of characters or bytes and their offset in the original string (see <a class="reference internal" href="exceptions.html#unicodeexceptions"><span class="std std-ref">Unicode Exception Objects</span></a> for functions to extract this information). The callback must either raise the given exception, or return a two-item tuple containing the replacement for the problematic sequence, and an integer giving the offset in the original string at which encoding/decoding should be resumed.</p> <p>Return <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">0</span></code> on success, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">-1</span></code> on error.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_LookupError"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_LookupError</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span>const char<em> *name</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_LookupError" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Lookup the error handling callback function registered under <em>name</em>. As a special case <em>NULL</em> can be passed, in which case the error handling callback for “strict” will be returned.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_StrictErrors"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_StrictErrors</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_StrictErrors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Raise <em>exc</em> as an exception.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_IgnoreErrors"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_IgnoreErrors</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_IgnoreErrors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Ignore the unicode error, skipping the faulty input.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_ReplaceErrors"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_ReplaceErrors</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_ReplaceErrors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Replace the unicode encode error with <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">?</span></code> or <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">U+FFFD</span></code>.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceErrors"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceErrors</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_XMLCharRefReplaceErrors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Replace the unicode encode error with XML character references.</p> </dd></dl> <dl class="function"> <dt id="c.PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors"> <a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a>* <code class="descname">PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors</code><span class="sig-paren">(</span><a class="reference internal" href="structures.html#c.PyObject" title="PyObject">PyObject</a><em> *exc</em><span class="sig-paren">)</span><a class="headerlink" href="#c.PyCodec_BackslashReplaceErrors" title="Permalink to this definition">¶</a></dt> <dd><p>Replace the unicode encode error with backslash escapes (<code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\x</span></code>, <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\u</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">\U</span></code>).</p> </dd></dl> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h3><a href="../contents.html">Table Of Contents</a></h3> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Codec registry and support functions</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#codec-lookup-api">Codec lookup API</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#registry-api-for-unicode-encoding-error-handlers">Registry API for Unicode encoding error handlers</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="reflection.html" title="previous 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